Jacksonville Architectural Heritage



Glossary - continued

EAVES -- the lower edge of a roof that overhangs a wall.

ECLECTIC --  a design incorporating elements of several different styles.

ECOLE DES BEAUX ARTS -- the national school of fine arts in France.

EGG-AND-DART -- a molding design consisting of an egg-shaped figure, alternating with an arrowhead form, symbolic of life and death.

ENGLISH BOND -- a pattern of brickwork with alternating courses of headers and stretchers.

ENTABLATURE -- in classic architecture, the horizontal group of elements immediately above the columns or pilasters and consisting of an architrave, frieze, and cornice.

ESPLANADE -- a landscaped concourse or pathway.

FACADE -- a face of a building, usually the front.

FANLIGHT -- a semicircular or semi-elliptical window with radiating muntins, usually over a door or in a gable.

FASCIA -- a flat horizontal band usually found in combination with moldings, such as the corona of a classical cornice, or a face board covering rafter ends.

FERRO-CONCRETE -- reinforced concrete, concrete construction reinforced by embedded steel bars or mesh.

FINIAL -- a crowing ornament at the top of a spire, gable or post.

FLEMISH BOND -- a pattern of brickwork with alternate headers and stretchers in each course.

FLEUR-DE-LIS -- a conventionalized iris used as a decorative form.

FLUTED -- containing vertical rounded parallel grooves.

FRAME -- the skeleton structure of a building (noun);  of wooden construction (adjective).

FRENCH DOOR -- one of a pair of doors filled with glazed panels and hinged on the side.

FRENCH ROOFING TILE -- a flat corrugated tile with interlocking joints on the side.

FRET -- an ornamental band consisting of small straight bars intersecting each other.

FRIEZE -- a sculptured or ornamental horizontal band that, in classical architecture, occurs just below the cornice.

GABLE -- the upper part of the end wall of a building, enclosed under the eaves of a pitched roof.

GALLERY -- a roofed promenade;  a museum;  a connecting room.

GAMBREL ROOF -- a roof with a double pitch, with a lower steeper slope and an upper flatter one.

GARGOYLE -- a water spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal projecting from a roof or wall.

GAZEBO -- an open pavilion like a belvedere, usually located on a lawn or in a garden.

GINGERBREAD -- intricate wooden ornamentation on Victorian buildings.

GIRDER -- a main horizontal beam that supports secondary cross beams.

GLASS BRICKS -- a hollow structural block made of glass;  a hollow glass block laid up with mortar, producing the structural qualities of a wall and yet admitting light.

GOTHIC -- relating to medieval western European architecture, characterized by balanced masonry thrusts, ribbed vaults, buttresses, pointed arches, and stone tracery.

GRANITE -- a crystalline igneous rock of coarse texture and great strength, used as a building material.

GRIFFIN -- a mythical animal, half eagle and half lion.

GRILLE -- a grating that forms a barrier or screen.

GROTESQUE -- a decorative sculptural detail, usually a fanciful human, animal, or foliate form.

GROTTO -- a cave or artificial recess made to resemble a cave.

GUNITE -- a concrete mixture sprayed onto a metal framework by compressed air.

HALF-TIMBER -- construction of wood framing with spaces filled with masonry.

HAMMER BEAM -- a short beam projecting from an interior wall and supporting arch braces, which in turn support the roof.

HEADER -- a brick laid so that only its end appears on the face of the wall.

HERRINGBONE -- stone, brick, or tile work in which the units are laid diagonally, with alternating courses lying in opposite directions to form a zigzag pattern.

HEWN -- roughly cut, by axe, adze, or chisel.

HIP ROOF -- a roof having sloping sides and sloping ends.

HIP -- the external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping roof surfaces.

HOLLOW TILE -- a hollow block made of fired clay, used for the construction of walls.   


 





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with credit to Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage by Wayne W. Wood.
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